Music Libraries and Instruments : Papers Read at the Joint Congress, Cambridge, 1959 Galpin Society
Eric Coates
by Keiichi KawamuraTable of contents:
1. Professional career
2. Applied achievements
3. Indexing languages developed
four. Published works
five. Underlying principles
vi. From indexing language to information language
7. Still unappreciated genius
Acknowledgments
Endnote
Bibliography of Coates' published works
References (excluding Coates' works)
ColophonAbstract:
Describes the practical and theoretical achievements of Eric Coates, a British librarian and classificationist. Outlines his professional career and describes his practical achievements, including indexing languages developed by him. Lists and reviews his publications and discusses the theoretical principles underlying his works. Explains the significance of using the term information language instead of indexing language in his afterwards years. Concludes that Coates was an unappreciated genius in the field of nomenclature and indexing.
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1. Professional career
Eric James Coates (18th May 1916 - 5th December 2017) was one of the most prominent figures in the field of → classification and information retrieval and made important contributions in the application of theory to practice in the United Kingdom (UK) in the Twentieth century. He was also 1 of the original members of the Classification Research Grouping (CRG) formed in London in 1952, which was influenced past Ranganathan'south idea.
Coates entered the library profession as a inferior assistant in 1934 and embarked on a career in public libraries. His first appointment was at Merton and Morden public libraries (London) where he served from 1934 to 1940. Next, he served at Dagenham public libraries (London) from 1940 to 1941. In 1946, after World War II, he became a boyfriend of the Library Clan and in the aforementioned year he became a cataloguer at Watford public libraries where he served until 1949.
The turning bespeak of his career was his success in the 1949 option process to appoint staff for the newly established British National Bibliography (BNB). BNB commenced its services in January 1950 nether the editorship of Arthur James Wells (alias Jack Wells) who shortly became a founding member of the CRG. The first yr of BNB operated with a staff of eight. Coates was 1 of the four qualified cataloguers who had been appointed tardily in autumn of 1949. At that time, he thought of himself as the owner of some degree of expertise in cataloguing rather than nomenclature. But afterward a few months at BNB he was appointed as head of the subject field cataloguing side of the enterprise. The following are his professional career stages first with that turning point:
1950-1961 Master Bailiwick Cataloguer, BNB
1962-1976 Editor, British Technology Alphabetize
1977-1990 Rapporteur, FID/BSO Panel
1991-1992 Rapporteur, BSO Panel
1993-2000 Director, BSO Panel Ltd, Uk
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2. Practical achievements
BNB was a classified bibliography designed primarily for systematic search of books, pamphlets and monographs published in the U.k.. The nomenclature scheme employed at BNB was the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). DDC matched upwards neither to the specificity required even at book level, nor to the need for a consistently ordered brandish of classified material. To mitigate this problem, BNB adopted Ranganathan's method of facet assay using the → PMEST formula. The superimposition of the facet formula on a non-faceted scheme of DDC was carried out without notation. BNB devised the symbol [i], the ordinal value of which was between 0 and 1, and boosted faceted terms followed the symbol. The practise was chosen "verbal extensions". An aggregating of faceted extensions was published by BNB (1963). The classified department of BNB was supplemented with a chain index originally devised past Ranganathan. BNB fully carried out Ranganathan's thought, which had non previously been put into practise outside India (Wells 1957).
Coates (1960b) published a valuable book on subject catalogues entitled Subject Catalogues: Headings and Structure. While the ideas set out in the book were an outcome of the ten years' experience with BNB and regular discussions at the CRG meetings, he put forth a new approach to alphabetical subject catalogues. The new approach comprised a fix of syntactic rules based on Ranganathan's facet analysis as further illuminated by Jason Farradane'southward relational system. Coates presented a re-create of the book to Ranganathan, who approved of it, overlooking its occasional heresies, but added the admonition, "One cannot teach by the printed word alone". Just at that time, it was felt in the Great britain that there was a need for a technical indexing service. At that place had been two commercial efforts to provide such a service in the Britain in the 1950s, both of which had failed. Coates did not shrink from the venture to put his idea into practice. He became the first editor of the British Technology Index (BTI) which was commenced past the Library Clan (LA), London in February 1962.
BTI was a publishing venture of the LA in the 1960s. The LA granted Coates losses for three years. At the end of its first year, however, BTI had attained 1,030 subscriptions, which exceeded the proposed target. By the end of the tertiary year, it was running at 1,410 subscriptions, which was around the break-even point. After that, BTI's subscriptions increased steadily. At the cease of the 1970s, the LA announced that the Library and Computer science Abstracts (LISA) and BTI provided a big proportion of publishing income and that their continued growth and strength were of high priority.
When BTI'due south subscriptions got nearer to the break-fifty-fifty betoken, Coates started 2 things. The first was computerization of BTI. BTI operated with a staff of 7: an editor/indexer, four indexers and ii clerical workers mainly every bit typists. While maintaining a high standard of indexing, the production time of BTI was kept to a minimum. The fourth dimension-lag between the original and its appearance in BTI was iii to seven weeks, but this standard was very sensitive to minor staff emergencies. A computerization project for BTI was started late in 1965, but the project was terminated in May 1966 considering the firm to which the work had been contracted had made no progress. Next, a firm engaged in computer typesetting was approached, simply subsequently preliminary study, they decided that they should decline a task of processing non-numerical information. In the summer of 1966, an offer was made from the Academy of Newcastle upon Tyne Calculating Laboratory. Work started at the computer laboratory with the aid of a £4,900 grant from the UK OSTI in October 1966. The project leader was Coates. Programming for data processing was completed and tested about twelve months. The results of trials were incorporated in three of the monthly issues in the summer of 1967. The LA decided to adopt computerization, which came into outcome with the April 1968 result. However, plans for computer typesetting were postponed until a high-speed film-setter was developed in the Uk, and it was first used for the July 1969 issue. The English Electric KDF9 figurer generated a chain index of inversion "see" references from input subject headings, extracted relevant relational and synonym cross-references from a magnetic tape store, and produced a monthly updated say-so file (Coates 1969c). No endeavor was made to automate the indexing process based on homo intellectual work. When BTI moved to a third generation estimator in January 1972, the long-cherished author index was realized.
The second thing was Coates' involvement in an international project to devise an Intermediate Lexicon (IL) to permit easy inter-conversion betwixt controlled vocabulary lists, both alphabetical and classified, used for indexing literature in the field of documentation and library science. The project was called "Documentation of documentation", which was initiated by the Groupe d'Étude sur fifty'Information Scientifique (GEIS), Marseilles, headed past Jean-Claude Gardin. 2 international conferences were held in Marseilles, and Coates attended both as a representative of the CRG, supported first by Aslib and 2d by the LA. It was recognized that there were about thirty indexing systems for the field of documentation. One of them was the CRG's Classification for Library Scientific discipline that was published by Aslib in 1965 in only a conditional form, and Coates took it with him to the conferences. There were eight participants at the commencement conference held on 1-three December 1965, which produced a listing of twenty-five "groupes" or principal divisions of the IL. The side by side step was to discover whether the draft scheme was consistent with schemes used in their home organizations, so that it would be applied and realistic to map from one to the other. The results were collated by the GEIS, and its issue was revised and adapted by fifteen participants at the second conference held on xv-18 January 1968. The IL was experimentally used for exchange of data between 2 centres in Marseilles and Frankfurt am Chief. Some difficulties of inter-conversion were identified. The project written report was published both in French and English in 1969, and the latter version entitled An Outline Intermediate Dictionary was authored by Coates with David Weeks who was an American collaborator.
BSO (Broad Organisation of Ordering) was constructed at FID in association with UNESCO in the framework of the UNISIST program and was intended as a switching mechanism for various indexing languages. The projection started in 1973, and the get-go hard copy publication appeared in 1978. During this period, ten classificationists contributed towards the completion of BSO, of whom four were from the FID/CCC, four from the FID/CR and two co-opted. Coates was the latest member who was asked to join the project in a co-opted member capacity. However, as Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd who had been commencement rapporteur of the FID/BSO Console from September 1974 to August 1977 persuaded Coates to take up the rapporteurship, information technology was largely thanks to Coates' energy and expertise that the raw BSO draft was refined, completed, subjected to a field test in 1977 and finally published in 1978.
Following the publication of the BSO - Broad System of Ordering: Schedule and Alphabetize in 1978 and of The BSO Manual in 1979, the BSO Switching Test of 1981 and the BSO Referral Test of 1982/83 were carried out. Based largely upon the findings and experience of these field tests, revision of BSO was set forward. However, due to the fiscal crisis of FID and UNESCO, BSO lost support in 1990 and was two years later incorporated as the BSO Console Ltd in the UK. The revised BSO in machine-readable form was released in 1991. While BSO had been developed in the framework of the UNISIST plan, the scheme did in many respects reverberate the piece of work of the CRG. In 2000, by the good offices of Ia McIlwaine, BSO came under the direction of University College London's School of Library, Archive and Information Studies (UCL/SLAIS, now the Department of Information Studies). They prepare a website for BSO, which was prepared past Aida Slavic, and the machine-readable version of the BSO 4th revision has been made available free of charge (UCL/SLAIS 2000).
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3. Indexing languages developed
The grafting of a faceted structure onto a non-faceted classification past BNB was a decisive deviation from previous subject area cataloguing practice which had been regarded as a about intuitive fine art or craft. Communicable procedures became very important in operations requiring teams of classifiers or nomenclature compilers. The following are indexing languages that Coates adult or played a major role in developing based on faceted classification principles:
1957 British Catalogue of Music Classification
1962 British Technology Index-type
1978 Broad Organization of Ordering, 3rd revision
1991 Broad Arrangement of Ordering, fourth revision
2012 BC2 Grade C Chemical science
BNB started to issue the British Catalogue of Music (BCM) in May 1957. BCM was besides a classified bibliography supplemented with a concatenation index every bit BNB was. The nomenclature scheme used for BCM, i.e., the British Catalogue of Music Classification (BCMC), was published by BNB in 1960. This faceted classification was compiled by Coates as a result of a discussion with a small committee of music experts. The field of study of music required a variety of facets. Coates recognized ten facets in compiling BCMC. BCMC had an influence on other classification schemes, including DDC Class 780 Music. BCMC had some other prominent feature for its → retroactive note, which did not rely upon facet indicators. For a larger notational base than that of a decimal system, BCMC employed the Roman alphabets. The reversal of schedule and commendation order was the bodily practice of faceted classification. The combination of facets could be recognized without facet indicators by using a technique which apportioned part of the alphabet to serve as an invisible facet link indicator while reserving some other office to conform enumerated topics. Music literature and scores were separated: A to BZ was for literature on music, and C to Z for scores. The notation KGHE/MDe meant "cantata for tenor solo with orchestra". This resulted from the combination of the following iv facets: De (cantata), E/G (choral works with orchestra, which was an expansion of E "choral works with accompaniment" past adding Chiliad "orchestral music"), GH (tenor) and K (vocal solos). The primary facet was the one with the notation which occurred latest in the alphabet. Other facets could be recognized without facet indicators because their notations occurred earlier in the alphabet than those of the facets that preceded them in the compound classmark. At the 1957 Dorking Briefing in a paper entitled "Notation in Nomenclature", Coates demonstrated that there was a mutual constraint betwixt notational hospitality and expressiveness. BCMC adopted hierarchically non-expressive notation. Appropriately, BCMC fulfilled all the three notational requirements: simplicity, brevity and hospitality. Though retroactive notation in itself is not new in the history of library classification, it is again used in the volumes of the Elation Bibliographic Classification 2nd edition (BC2) which have so far appeared.
The indexing methodology of BTI was governed by the aforementioned rules equally described in Coates' 1960 book. In the volume he suggested the significance social club of categories of concepts: Thing-Material-Activity-Belongings. Following discipline analysis in his own words, the indexer analyzed the relation between categories of concepts and formulated the subject field heading by reference to the BTI Relationship Table which was as well carried in the introduction to almanac book. Subject terms in a syntactic citation cord were connected by a small set of punctuation marks, each of which indicated the degree of conceptual closeness. For instance, the comma was used for generic relations, and the colon and the semicolon were used for syntactic relations. The subject heading Bridges, Arch; Steel : Widening meant "widening of curvation-type bridges which were made of steel". In this case Bridges, Arch (Thing specified by Property) was a subclass of Bridges, so that the relation between the showtime term and the two terms in conjunction was called generic (i.east., genus-species) or inclusion relation (A included A + B). The relation between steel bridges and bridges was an additional generic relation every bit Bridges; Steel (Thing specified by Fabric) was a subclass of Bridges (A included A + B). The relation betwixt Bridges and Widening in the structure of Bridges : Widening (Matter and Action upon information technology) was a syntactic relation between concepts from the 2 facets. Cross-references were produced both from articulated field of study headings by using chain procedure and from an authority file as mentioned earlier. The page layout of BTI interestingly exhibited a "block structure" of related subjects, which was quite helpful for broad searching. This kind of collocation was due to the logically articulated subject headings and to the underlying classificatory principle throughout the indexing procedure (Coates 1963d).
BSO incorporated many of the theoretical developments in information retrieval which emerged afterwards Earth State of war II. The order of BSO main classes is more different from most conventional schemes than it appears. BSO is based primarily on the theory of → integrative levels. While there are some deviations from conventional practices, including the separation of religion from philosophy, careful system of BSO master classes exhibits an interesting collocation. BSO is a subject field-oriented general scheme, but phenomena- or mission-oriented classes are in the sequence of main classes. In addition to these inherent phenomena classes, provision for accommodating works with all or many aspects of phenomena is made at the top of the schedules. The schedules of BSO are constructed past considering both facets and relations, which is reflected in two kinds of combination rules. The process for internal combination is a elementary clerical one that links notations in reverse schedule guild. For instance, the chemical compound subject "satellite studies of solar phenomena" is expressed as the BSO notation 252,72,0,52,28. The annotation is given past citing first the element given afterward in the schedule (i.e., 252,72 Lord's day and solar phenomena) followed past that given earlier (i.e., 252,28 Satellite astronomy), and by replacing the first digit of the second element (i.eastward., ii) with a regular linking symbol (,0,) between the 2 elements inside the same subject field field (i.e., 252 astronomy and astrophysics). External linkages that cross combination expanse boundaries require analysis of the relation of the link connecting the elements. For instance, the complex subject "folklore of education" is expressed as the BSO note 460-535. The notation is given by citing kickoff Application area (i.e., 460 education) followed by Attribute correspondent (i.eastward., 535 sociology) with a regular linking symbol (-) between them. On the contrary, "education of folklore" is given the note 535-460. In this example, once again, Application area (i.eastward., 535 sociology) precedes Aspect correspondent (i.e., 460 pedagogy). The relational formula for external combinations in BSO is "Recipient-Aspect correspondent". The former is the subject which 'receives' an action or effect, or is seen co-ordinate to a particular viewpoint, or has a property attributed to information technology, and the latter is the subject area which 'contributes' an aspect, approach or action. In BSO, combination surface area is equivalent to subject field. Within each bailiwick, the schedule details are arranged in a facet pattern, which is repetitive or isomorphic from field of study to subject area. This brings two kinds of advantages. The first is simplicity in dealing with subject field matters, which minimizes the dilemmas of classifiers. The second is predictability for a new concept, which enables both system revisers and users in a wide sense to find a logically correct place.
Jack Mills (2004, 549) mentioned that BSO has been very influential in the development of BC2. The outline of BSO had some close similarities with that of BC2 (Coates 1995a). These fostered mutual cooperation between the two schemes, an example of which has been the arrangement past which the computer programs of BC2 were fabricated available for use by BSO. Work on new BC2 schedules gradually dominated the CRG during the 1990s. In this respect, as the focus of BC2 has been on the sciences, Coates was a major player making use of his experience with BTI and with the development of BSO (McIlwaine and Broughton 2000). He collaborated on several of the BC2 volumes, including Class AY/B General Science and Physics, Class C Chemistry, and Class U/5 Technology and Useful Arts. Course C was regarded as the most formidable one, and Form U/Five, which is expected to be the largest 1 in BC2, has been awaiting the completion of the pure science classes.
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4. Published works
In add-on to a bibliography of BSO (Kawamura 2011) and of BTI (Kawamura 2015), both of which are in classified lodge with every particular having an English abstract, in that location is a classified bibliography of published works past Coates (Kawamura 2018b). He authored 102 published works, of which the number of books and independent reports was 11, journal articles and briefing papers 67, book reviews xx, and memorial tributes four. Without exception, every work requires careful reading. Even a letter of the alphabet to the editor was based on his profound applied theory. Book reviews generally carried in the Journal of Documentation were all beginning-grade. Fundamental papers (Coates 1964b; 1973; 1978a; 1988a; 1988b; 1988c; 1997b) were particularly difficult but rewarding, as they developed and discussed the underlying principles described in section 5. It is worth mentioning that many of his works, including some key papers, were reprinted. For example, in 1978 the Order of Indexers published Indexers on Indexing: A Selection of Manufactures Published in The Indexer as the twenty-commencement anniversary publication to mark the institution of the society. The l-ix articles reprinted from issues of The Indexer were advisedly chosen. A reviewer mentioned in the 1979 Journal of Documentation that information technology was peculiarly good to see the four papers by Coates chosen for inclusion that two of these articles were related to BTI and that each was still leading in its subject field. Besides these, other authors' BTI-related articles were included. Coates has delivered occasional lectures on indexing and classification at workshops, seminars and courses held by Aslib, the LA, the Society of Indexers and library schools.
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v. Underlying principles
Coates advanced the theory of classification through the do of BNB, BTI and BSO. We must explore the underlying principles mutual to these three systems. It is well known that in his teaching on classification Ranganathan emphasized the model of → a 3-plane structure comprising the idea plane, the verbal plane and the notational plane. Coates recognized that the model abolished at a stroke the previous conventional wisdom that had completely separated alphabetical subject cataloguing from library classification. He restructured the three-plane model as the idea or concept aeroplane and the symbol plane, the latter of which comprised the exact or linguistic airplane and the notational aeroplane. The reduced model chosen attention to the unique place of tongue amid symbol systems. Coates' intention was to brand us discover that a pitfall lurked in such well-known propositions every bit "Concept formation takes place only with the assist of words and language". While one cannot operate on the thought plane without calling up tongue in help, in that location is an e'er-present tendency for the symbol level to obscure the concepts that the symbols represent. Similarly, one cannot eliminate the forms of natural language from indexing language. Coates stresses that at that place is a one-to-1 correlation betwixt concept and symbol in classification. One can consign them to a relatively inconspicuous function, and Ranganathan carried this out in a very ingenious fashion. Thus, Coates concluded that Ranganathan arrived at his primal proposition that all → cognition organization systems, whatsoever their form, needed to be based and derived from a classification scheme.
Coates' adherence to concept assay bonded together classification. His do and theory seem to be ever based on a triad of the following principles:
- the basic unity of field of study indication;
- relational analysis in the context of classification;
- recourse to classification in any case.
The first principle that Coates recognized, and inherited from Ranganathan, but non Ranganathan's own wording, embraces classification and subject indexing of all kinds. To put it just, alphabetical subject indexing schemes possess, or should possess, some form of classificatory correlation. Coates recognized that Ranganathan's contribution in the field of knowledge organisation was principally of two kinds: the outset was the notion of the basic unity of discipline indication mentioned above, and the second was his exhaustive illumination of problems of classification syntactics using the notion of facets. However, he added that Ranganathan was a traditionalist with regard to classification semantics. The 2nd principle is a region that no 1 else has ever explored, though relational analysis itself had been advocated past Farradane early in the 1950s. It is interesting to know that the BTI indexers were encouraged to deal with subject heading problems in classificatory terms. The wisdom of relational analysis was inherited by BSO, where the schedules were constructed past because both facets and relations equally mentioned in section 3. The third principle underlying throughout Coates' 1960 book does signal the need for a coherently structured new general classification reflecting a modern earth view. He understood that classification was simply the ordering of terms into a systematic design of likeness of pregnant, so that it functioned equally the basis of vocabulary control. Likewise classification was or should exist the basis for not-classificatory-course indexing languages. It is here that BSO and BC2, when completed, might well be used every bit a possible starting point model for use in in-depth inquiry on classification semantics, including the trouble of related terms.
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6. From indexing language to information language
In his fundamental papers published in the late 1980s, Coates (1988a; 1988b; 1988c) started to use the term information linguistic communication instead of indexing linguistic communication. He did not strongly advocate the apply of information language, so that the significance of the change in terminology has been overlooked. Coates (1988a) used the new term for presenting the post-obit ii propositions:
- Information languages are the footing of all retrieval methods;
- Classification is or should be the footing of information languages.
Of the two propositions, the second i was paraphrased past Coates (1988b) as "Classification as the ground for not-classificatory-grade data languages", which was based on the underlying principles discussed in the section 5. The start proposition implies that indexing languages are necessary not only for indexing and classifying documents but also for retrieving them. Without an indexing language, retrieval remains a simple matching of query words with words which happen to announced in documents. To cope with this kind of problem, thesauri accept been used at the stage of the input of user queries to the retrieval system. But retrieval is more than matching of words or terms. In this respect faceted classification is the strongest of all kinds of indexing languages because it allows both syntactic and semantic relations of a field of study to be expressed. Coates (1988c, 221-22) argued that the need for an indexing language in retrieval might ascend as a result of:
- a user'south disability to formulate his requirement with complete precision;
- his wish to call back exhaustively all the data relevant to his subject contained within the information store; or
- the inherent complexity of the target subject itself.
Library and computer science (LIS) is now faced with a prototype shift caused by three factors: the increased accessibility of information sources embracing all fields of knowledge considering of the development of the Internet; the popularization of online retrieval by users themselves; and the need for fewer classifiers than earlier owing to cardinal classification services. At the sixth and last in the serial of the FID/CR's International Report Conference on Classification Research (ISCCR), Coates (1997b) proposed that nomenclature studies should be re-oriented to give greater emphasis to the role of classification as a search aid than to the function of classifying of documentary material. He also discussed the problem of pedagogy classification in view of the relatively pocket-sized numbers of classifiers needed. He concluded that the chief futurity endeavor in the field of classification should be directed to broadcasting of understanding of the principles of classification to potential users in full general didactics rather than to the further development of automatic or semi-automated classification methods to aid subject searching.
The 2 propositions presented early in this department resolve another matter, concerned with the CRG declaration entitled "The need for a faceted classification as the footing of all methods of information retrieval". The declaration was originally announced every bit a memorandum of the CRG (1955). While the memorandum set the keynote for the 1957 Dorking Briefing, which was the outset in the serial of the ISCCR mentioned higher up and promoted further enquiry and development of faceted nomenclature, some of those who participated in the conference thought that the proclamation was unfortunate because part of the title ("equally the basis of") was "exclusive". To mitigate the exclusiveness, sometimes the definite commodity has been changed to the indefinite 1 ("as a basis of"). But this kind of mitigation was insufficient; a re-definition of the CRG declaration was needed. As one of the original members of the CRG and of the stance that the declaration was exclusive, Coates carried out this duty. Accordingly the above two propositions should exist regarded as a revision of the purport of the CRG declaration.
In the end Coates showed us two additional roles of classification: a search aid in retrieval and a pedagogy aid in full general education. The showtime idea is based on an supposition that online retrieval by users themselves will be popularized nevertheless more and that an indexing language will become a useful tool for retrieval. The 2d idea may exist traced back to Ranganathan (1957) who made a keynote address at the Dorking Briefing entitled, "Library classification as a field of study". Ranganathan argued that universities should maintain chairs and inquiry fellowships in the discipline of library nomenclature. To conclude, it tin exist said that the conquering of an information linguistic communication and of classification wisdom will improve each user'southward effectiveness in retrieval in the age of an information- skilled social club, where ability to come to terms with, and to navigate through, the variety of cognition fields would be an essential office of the required skills. In this respect, completely faceted new general classifications based on a modernistic world view, which as well close the gap between classification theory and practise, are the virtually valuable instruments to fulfil the two roles of classification mentioned above.
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vii. Still unappreciated genius
At the LA, Reference and Special Libraries Section, Technical Problems 1957 Briefing held in Apr of 1957, Coates opened a discussion on classification problems. His lecture entitled "Indexing and Nomenclature" was an assay of the office of nomenclature and drew attention to several of the problems arising out of the disability of the well-known full general classifications to cater to the complexities of mod knowledge and the demands of modern library services. The word immediately showed a general dissatisfaction with the well-known schemes. The conference passed a resolution expressing this disapproval and asking the LA to initiate investigation into the possibility of making a new general classification scheme. At this point, the NATO report, Increasing the Effectiveness of Western Science, appeared in 1960. One of recommendations of the LA's Library Research Commission was that a new scheme of classification of scientific discipline and technology would be an of import factor in achieving the desired end. The LA approached NATO. This led to the award of a £5,000 grant and immune the LA to back up the 1963 London Briefing organized by the CRG. Coates (1964b) gave a paper at the conference, only he could not be concerned any more with a pilot study for a new general classification. Two other CRG members carried out the pilot study full-time in association with the BNB/MARC projection, just in the upshot, no general nomenclature emerged. If Coates had remained at BNB a further several years from 1961, a new general classification would take been realized. Only conversely, it is doubtful whether we would take seen BTI, which has been praised equally an indexing masterpiece in the field of science and engineering edited past the genius of subject indexing .
BTI was a very early on example of a concept-controlled discipline retrieval system that computerized its clerical and typesetting operations in an integrated manner. In recognition of the success of BTI, the LA awarded Coates the title of Honorary Fellow in 1979. In 1998, Coates was acknowledged by the Conference on the History and Heritage of Science Information Systems equally one of the Pioneers of Computer science and asked to prepare a cursory business relationship of a memorable moment in his career. Coates (1999) wrote the reminiscence of his first coming together with Ranganathan. It is regrettable that Coates was not recognized past Ranganathan-related commendations. It could be argued that it was Coates who should take offset received the Ranganathan Laurels, which was established by the FID/CR in 1975.
Douglas Foskett (1979, 259) who has been in charge of publicity for the CRG remarked:
the Classification Research Group [...] has been the dominant influence on the theory and practice of nomenclature and indexing: the BNB and BTI are eloquent witnesses.
Brian Vickery (2004, thirteen) in his reminiscences noted:
Eric Coates was working as a cataloguer and classifier at the then recently established British National Bibliography. Earnest, sometimes a niggling severe, transparently sincere and humane, Eric later became the first editor of the British Technology Alphabetize and wrote a book, Subject Catalogues: Headings and Structure, much influenced by facet ideas. He has as well played a major role in constructing and testing the Broad Arrangement of Ordering, a high-level classification system.
Due to the decline of classification, Coates' works take not been well understood and appreciated. Works achieved past a man of sharp insight into the crux of problems, the backbone of standing up to problems now faced with, a strong will to achieve the target, a sense of responsibleness and the capacity equally a team leader are so great that they withal remain to exist rightly valued as a global standard for the future.
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Acknowledgements
The author is grateful to Paul Coates, the eldest son of Eric Coates, for supplying a photograph of his father. Sincere gratitude is due to Leonard Will, United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland, for reading the manuscript as a native English language speaker.
Endnote
This article is based on Kawamura (2018a; 2018b).
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Bibliography of Coates' published works
Coates, Eric James. 1951. "Central Cataloguing and Classification". Library Clan Record 53, no. vi: 205.
Coates, Eric James. 1953. "Alphabetical Discipline Catalogues". Journal of Documentation 9, no. 1: 58-63.
Coates, Eric James. 1954. "Classification in Reference Service". Annals of Library Scientific discipline one, no. 3: 152-61.
Coates, Eric James. 1956a. "Summary on Notation". Classification Research Group Bulletin no. 1: 13-fourteen.
Coates, Eric James. 1956b. "Ordinal and Hierarchical Notation". Nomenclature Research Grouping Bulletin no. i: fifteen-xix.
Coates, Eric James. 1957a. "Note in Classification". Nomenclature Research Group Bulletin no. 2: D1-D19.
Coates, Eric James. 1957b. "Annotation in Classification". In Proceedings of the International Study Conference on Nomenclature for Information Retrieval held at Beatrice Webb House, Dorking, England, 13th-17th May 1957. London: Aslib and New York: Pergamon, 51-64.
Coates, Eric James. 1957c. "Indexing and Classification". In Library Association. Reference and Special Libraries Department. Technical problems - 1957: Papers and Discussions of the Annual Briefing, Harrogate, April 1957, ed. H. Smith and H.G. German. London: Library Association, 13-26 (includes discussion, 22-26).
Coates, Eric James. 1957d. "The Apply of B.N.B. in Dictionary Cataloguing". Library Association Record 59, no. half dozen: 197-202.
Coates, Eric James. 1958. Review of: Classification in Theory and Practice: a Collection of Papers, by Thelma Eaton. Champaign, IL: Illini Union Bookstore, 1957, 62p. Journal of Documentation 14, no. 1: 19.
Coates, Eric James. 1959. "The Dewey Decimal Nomenclature, Edition 16". Library Association Tape 61, no. 8: 187-90.
Coates, Eric James. 1960a. "The Decimal Classification, Edition 16: Class 300". Library Clan Record 62, no. 3: 84-xc.
Coates, Eric James. 1960b. Field of study Catalogues: Headings and Structure. London: Library Association. Reprinted in 1963 and 1969, and reissued with the new eight-page preface in 1988.
Coates, Eric James. 1960c. The British Catalogue of Music Classification. London: Council of the British National Bibliography. Classification scheme.
Coates, Eric James. 1960d. Review of: Cataloging and Nomenclature, by Maurice F. Tauber. New Brunswick, NJ: Graduate Schoolhouse of Library Service, Rutgers State Academy, 1960, 271p. and Discipline Headings, by Carlyle J. Frarey. New Brunswick, NJ: Graduate School of Library Service, Rutgers Land University, 1960, 92p. Periodical of Documentation sixteen, no. iv: 207-viii.
Coates, Eric James. 1961. "The British Catalogue of Music Classification". In Music Libraries and Instruments: Papers Read at the Articulation Congress of the International Association of Music Libraries and the Galpin Society, Cambridge, 1959, ed. Unity Sherrington and Guy Oldham. Hinrichsen'due south Music Book, 11. London: Hinrichsen, 156-65.
Coates, Eric James. 1962a. "British Technology Index". Library Journal 87, no. 13: 2482-84. With a portrait of the writer.
Coates, Eric James. 1962b. "Monitoring Current Technical Data with the British Technology Alphabetize". Aslib Proceedings fourteen, no. 12: 426-37 (includes discussion, 437).
Coates, Eric James. 1963a. "Monitoring Electric current Technical Information [Alphabetic character]". Aslib Proceedings xv, no. 4: 131.
Coates, Eric James. 1963b. "Monitoring Current Technical Information [Letter]". Aslib Proceedings 15, no. 8: 243.
Coates, Eric James. 1963c. "Introduction". In British Technology Index. Annual Volume 1962. London: Library Clan, v-ix.
Coates, Eric James. 1963d. "Aims and Methods of the British Technology Alphabetize". Indexer 3, no. 4: 146-52. Reprinted in Indexers on Indexing: A Selection of Articles Published in The Indexer, ed. Leonard Montague Harrod. New York; London: Bowker, 1978, 240-46.
Coates, Eric James. 1963e. Review of: Applied Cataloguing, by Albert Frederick Johnson. London: Clan of Banana Librarians, 1962, 116p. Library Review no. 145: l-51.
Coates, Eric James. 1963f. "The Editor Comments [Alphabetic character]". Library Association Tape 65, no. 6: 228-29. In answer to an evaluation of BTI, it was argued that the suggestion for more coverage and more than frequent publication did require further price.
Coates, Eric James. 1963g. "British Applied science Index [Letter of the alphabet]". Library Association Record 65, no. 8: 310.
Coates, Eric James. 1963h. "British Technology Index [Letter]". Library Association Record 65, no. xi: 433.
Coates, Eric James. 1964a. "British Applied science Index [Letter]". Library Association Record 66, no. 1: 38.
Coates, Eric James. 1964b. "CRG Proposals for a New General Nomenclature". In Some Issues of a General Classification Scheme: Report of a Conference held in London, June 1963. London: Library Association, 38-45. Reprinted in Classification and Data Command: Papers Representing the Work of the Classification Inquiry Group during 1960-1968. London: Library Clan, 1969, 19-22.
Coates, Eric James. 1964c. "Chain Procedure: Application in the British Engineering Index". Electro-Technology (Bangalore) 8, Special documentation issue: 33-39.
Coates, Eric James. 1965a."Bibliographical Indexes". In Computer Typesetting Conference, London University, July 1964: Written report of Proceedings. London: Constitute of Printing, 44-49.
Coates, Eric James. 1965b. "Rapporteur's Opening Remarks" and "Rapporteur's Summing-up" of Phyllis A. Richmond'south newspaper entitled "Contribution toward a New Generalized Theory of Classification". In Nomenclature Enquiry: Proceedings of the Second International Study Conference held at Hotel Prins Hamlet, Elsinore, Denmark, 14th to 18th September 1964, ed. Pauline Atherton. FID Publication, 370. Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 55-59 and 63-64.
Coates, Eric James. 1965c. "Classification Scheme of the British Catalogue of Music". In Library Science Today: Ranganathan Festschrift, vol.one: Papers Contributed on the 71st Altogether of Dr. Due south.R. Ranganathan (12 Baronial 1962), ed. P.N. Kaula. London: Asia Publishing House, 135-38.
Coates, Eric James. 1965d. Review of: Classified Catalogue Code with Boosted Rules for Dictionary Catalogue Code, fifth ed. by S.R. Ranganathan assisted by A. Neelameghan. London: Asia Publishing Firm, 1964, 644p. Revue Internationale de la Documentation 32, no. four: 157.
Coates, Eric James. 1966a. "Scientific and Technical Indexing". Indexer 5, no. 1: 27-34. Reprinted in Preparation in Indexing: A Course of the Society of Indexers, ed. 1000. Norman Knight. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Printing, 1969, 128-41. Reprinted further in Indexers on Indexing: A Selection of Articles Published in The Indexer, ed. Leonard Montague Harrod. New York; London: Bowker, 1978, 219-25.
Coates, Eric James. 1966b. Review of: Alphabetical Subject Indication of Data, by John Wallace Metcalfe. New Brunswick, NJ: Graduate School of Library Service, Rutgers State University, 1965, 148p. Journal of Documentation 22, no. 1: 61-63.
Coates, Eric James. 1966c. Review of: Faceted Classification Schemes, past B.C. Vickery. New Brunswick, NJ: Graduate School of Library Service, Rutgers State University, 1966, 115p. Journal of Documentation 22, no. 3: 251-52.
Coates, Eric James. 1967a. Review of: Full general Subject-Indexes since 1548, by A. Taylor. Philadelphia: Academy of Pennsylvania Press, 1966, 336p. Journal of Documentation 23, no. 4: 342.
Coates, Eric James. 1967b. "Control of Vocabulary in a Current Awareness Service". In Proceedings of Small Meeting of Czechoslovak and British Data Specialists, Liblice, May 16-21, 1966. Prague: Centre for Scientific, Technical and Economic Information, 68-74.
Coates, Eric James and I. Nicholson. 1967c. "British Technology Index: A Report of the Awarding of Computer Processing to Alphabetize Production". In Organization and Treatment of Bibliographic Records past Computer: Proceedings of a Conference held in Newcastle upon Tyne, July 1967, ed. N.S.Chiliad. Cox and M.W. Grose. Newcastle upon Tyne: Oriel Printing, 168-78 (includes discussion, 178).
Coates, Eric James. 1968a. "Reckoner Assistance in the Product of BTI". Library Association Record 70, no. 10: 255-57.
Coates, Eric James. 1968b. "Computerisation of British Engineering science Alphabetize: Homo-Automobile Collaboration in the Product of Indexes". INSPEL 3, nos.3/4: 147-63. Reprinted in Special Libraries - Worldwide: a Collection of Papers, ed. Reichardt Günther. IFLA publications, ane. Pullach im Isartal: Verlag Dokumentation, 1974, 293-310.
Coates, Eric James. 1968c. "The Computerisation of the British Applied science Index". In Computer Based Information Retrieval Systems, ed. Bernard Houghton. London: Clive Bingley, 45-63 (includes discussion, 61-63).
Coates, Eric James. 1968d. "Report on 1st Six Months' Production Operational Use of Reckoner Associates of Cantankerous Reference Data and Compilation of Authorization File". Three-page insertion as supplement to: Nicholson, I. 1968. A Project to Study the Feasibility of the Production of the British Technology Index past Computer. Terminal Study May 1968. OSTI Report, 5029. Newcastle upon Tyne: University of Newcastle upon Tyne Computing Laboratory.
Coates, Eric James. 1968e. "Intermediate Lexicon for Documentation". Classification Research Group Message no. nine. In Journal of Documentation 24, no. four: 292-95.
Coates. Eric James. 1968f. "Library Science and Documentation Literature: a New Development in International Co-operation". Library Association Record seventy, no. vii: 178-79.
Coates, Eric James and David C. Weeks. 1969a. An Outline Intermediate Lexicon to Help Interconversion between Terms Used in Diverse Indexing Languages in the Field of Scientific and Technical Information Processing. English language version. Originally compiled past an International Working Party convened past the Groupe d'Etude sur fifty'Data Scientifique, Marseilles and Paris, January 1968. Washington, D.C.: George Washington Academy Medical Heart, Biological Sciences Communication Projection.
Coates, Eric James. 1969b. "Computer Treatment of Social Science Terms and Their Relationships". In EUDISED: European Documentation and Information System for Education. Book Iii, Technical Studies. ERIC Study, ED 040 726. Strasbourg: Council of Europe, Documentation Heart for Education in Europe, 52-83.
Coates, Eric James. 1969c. "Computerised Information Processing for British Engineering Index". Indexer 6, no. 3: 97-101. Reprinted in Indexers on Indexing: A Pick of Manufactures Published in The Indexer, ed. Leonard Montague Harrod. New York; London: Bowker, 1978, 404-8.
Coates, Eric James. 1969d. "British Engineering Index [Letter]". Library Association Record 71, no. 8: 260. In reply to a criticism of BTI'southward "encounter references" structure based on concatenation indexing, it was declared that BTI would never take the adventure of deleting useful lead-in points.
Coates, Eric James. 1970a. "British Technology Index". In Encyclopedia of Library and Information science, vol.3, ed. Allen Kent et al. New York: Marcel Dekker, 327-41.
Coates, Eric James. 1970b. "Switching Languages for Indexing". Journal of Documentation 26, no. 2: 102-10.
Coates, Eric James. 1970c. Review of: Towards a Theory for UDC: Essays Aimed at Structural Understanding and Operational Comeback, by Jean M. Perreault. London: Clive Bingley, 1969, 241p. and An Introduction to UDC: a Programmed Text, by Jean M. Perreault. London: Clive Bingley, 1969, 111p. Journal of Documentation 26, no. 2: 181-82.
Coates, Eric James. 1971a. Review of: Your Jazz Collection, by Derek Langridge. London: Clive Bingley, 1970, 162p. Periodical of Documentation 27, no. 2: 159-threescore.
Coates, Eric James. 1971b. Review of: Bailiwick Analysis: Reckoner Implications of Rigorous Definition, by Jessica Lee Harris. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1970, 279p. Periodical of Documentation 27, no. iv: 314-sixteen.
Coates, Eric James. 1973. "Some Properties of Relationships in the Structure of Indexing Languages". Journal of Documentation 29, no. iv: 390-404.
Coates, Eric James. 1974a. Review of: A Compressed Term Alphabetize Language for Library and Information Science, comp. by Alan Gilchrist and Kathleen Gaster with amendments by E. Michael Keen and Jeremy A. Digger. London: Aslib, 1973, 123p. Periodical of Documentation 30, no. 4: 442-44.
Coates, Eric James. 1974b. Review of: Computer-Based Reference Service, past Thou.Fifty. Mathies and Peter G. Watson. Chicago: American Library Association, 1973, 200p. Education Libraries Bulletin 17, no. three: 29-30.
Coates, Eric James. 1974c. Review of: The Fabric of Knowledge: a Written report of the Relations betwixt Ideas, past John Lionel Jolley. London: Duckworth, 1973, 130p. Library Association Record 76, no. 2: 33.
Coates, Eric James. 1974d. "A Comment on "Technical Indexing at BTI"". Indexer 9, no. two: l-52.
Coates, Eric James. 1975. "Correspondence [Alphabetic character]". Indexer ix, no. 3: 122. Argues that BTI started computer input from 1968 and reckoner typesetting with its July 1969 event.
Coates, Eric James. 1976a. "Card Indexes or Printed Pages - Physical Substrates in Index Evaluation". Indexer ten, no. 2: sixty-68". Reprinted in Indexers on Indexing: A Selection of Articles Published in The Indexer, ed. Leonard Montague Harrod. New York; London: Bowker, 1978, 128-36.
Coates, Eric James. 1976b. Review of: PRECIS: a Manual of Concept Assay and Subject Indexing, by D. Austin. London: Council of the British National Bibliography, 1974, 551p. Periodical of Documentation 32, no. one: 85-96.
Coates, Eric James. 1976c. Review of: Information Retrieval, British and American, 1876-1976, by John Wallace Metcalfe. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1976, 243p. Library Association Tape 78, no. 9: 450.
Coates, Eric James. 1976d. Review of: Organizing Resources: Six Case Studies: the Last Report of the Schools Quango Resource Center Projection, by Norman W. Beswick. London: Heinemann Educational, 1975, 369p. Journal of Librarianship 8, no. 3: 215-18.
Coates, Eric James. 1976e. Review of: Terminology of Documentation. Terminologie de la Documentation. Terminologie der Dokumentation. Terminologiya five Oblasti Dokumentatsii. Terminologia de la Documentacion. A Selection of ane,200 Bones Terms in English, French, German, Russian and Spanish, comp. by Gernot Wersig and Ulrich Neveling. Paris: UNESCO, 1976, 274p. Journal of Documentation 32, no. 4: 327-29.
Coates, Eric James. 1977. Third European Congress on Data Systems and Networks: Overcoming the Linguistic communication Barrier - Report, and Critical Appraisal of Some Interlingual Conversion Problems in Documentation. BLRD Report, 5380. London: British Library.
Coates, Eric James. 1978a. "Classification in Data Retrieval: the Twenty Years Following Dorking". Journal of Documentation 34, no. 4: 288-99 (includes a tribute to Herbert Coblans, 288-89). Reprinted in From Nomenclature to "Noesis Organization": Dorking Revisited or "Past is Prelude," ed. Alan Gilchrist. FID Publication, 714. The Hague: FID, 1997, 11-20.
Coates, Eric, Geoffrey Lloyd and Dusan Simandl. 1978b. BSO - Broad Organisation of Ordering: Schedule and Index, 3rd revision. FID Publication, 564. The Hague: FID and Paris: UNESCO. Classification scheme.
Coates, Eric, Geoffrey Lloyd and Dusan Simandl. 1979a. The BSO Manual: the Development, Rationale and Use of the Wide System of Ordering. FID Publication, 580. The Hague: FID.
Coates, Eric James. 1979b. "The Wide Arrangement of Ordering". International Forum on Data and Documentation 4, no. 3: three-half dozen. Leading paper in a special upshot devoted to BSO.
Coates, Eric James. 1980a. "A Future for BSO?" A talk given at the BSO Open Coming together, Lyngby, Kingdom of denmark, 22nd August 1980. Unpublished eight-folio document distributed to the attendees.
Coates, Eric James. 1980b. "The Broad System of Ordering (BSO)". In New Trends in Documentation and Information: Proceedings of the 39th FID Congress, University of Edinburgh, 25-28 September 1978, ed. Peter J. Taylor. FID Publication, 566. London: Aslib, 259-73.
Coates, Eric James. 1980c. ""Founding Fathers" Were Right [Letter of the alphabet]". Library Association Record 82, no. 10: 489. Critical comments on an announcement of the new championship for BTI.
Coates, Eric James. 1981a. "Letter to the Editor". International Classification viii, no. 1: 46. On behalf of the FID/BSO Console, the author offered a counterargument against Ingetraut Dahlberg's criticism of BSO.
Coates, Eric James. 1981b. "The Broad System of Ordering: the Compilers Respond to Their Critics". International Forum on Information and Documentation six, no. 1: 24-30.
Coates, Eric James, Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd and Dusan Simandl. 1981c. BSO as a Switching Mechanism: Exam Exercise - Panel'due south Report 1981.
Coates, Eric James. 1981d. "Subject Indication Relative to On-line Systems". Scientia Yugoslavica 7, nos. iii/iv: 167-75.
Coates, Eric James. 1981e. "The Broad System of Ordering: with Some Reference to Its Possible Use every bit a Referral Tool in Connection with On-line Systems". Scientia Yugoslavica 7, nos. 3/4: 177-87.
Coates, Eric James. 1982. Review of: The Subject Approach to Information, 4th ed. by A.C. Foskett. London: Clive Bingley, 1982, 574p. Journal of Librarianship 14, no. 3: 221-24.
Coates, Eric James. 1983a. Review of: Research on Nomenclature Systems: Summarizing Written report on Research on Classification Systems and Their Application, past Ejnar Wåhlin. Bangalore: FID/CR Secretariat; Documentation Inquiry and Training Heart, 1979, 129p. International Classification 10, no. 1: 41-42.
Coates, Eric James. 1983b. "FID/BSO Broad Arrangement of Ordering". FID News Bulletin 33, no. ix: 68-69. Account of the BSO Referral Exam carried out by Academy of London Central Data Service in 1982/83.
Coates, Eric James. 1984. "FID/BSO Panel - Wide System of Ordering". FID News Bulletin 34, nos.11/12: 91. Report of Panel's meetings post-obit the BSO Referral Exam.
Coates, Eric James, Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd, Dusan Simandl and John E. Linford. 1985a. BSO Referral Test: Panel's Report 1983. FID Publication, 635. Published past FID/BSO Panel for FID and UNESCO.
Coates, Eric James, Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd, Dusan Simandl and John E. Linford. 1985b. BSO Referral Index: a Subject field Index to 36 Data-Bases in the DIALOG System. FID Publication, 634. Published by FID/BSO Panel for FID and UNESCO.
Coates, Eric James. 1986a. "FID Broad System of Ordering Panel (FID/BSO): Looking Dorsum 12 Years - and Forwards". International Forum on Information and Documentation 11, no. three: 64-67.
Coates, Eric James. 1986b. "Tribute to Lawrie Ardern [Obituary]". Library Association Record 88, no. 12: 584.
Coates, Eric James. 1987. "Lexical Tools for Information Exchange in a Mechanised Surroundings - Some Considerations Relating to the Broad Organisation of Ordering". In Data, Communications and Technology Transfer: Proceedings of the Forty-3rd FID Congress held in Montreal, Canada, fourteen-xviii September 1986, ed. Elmer V. Smith and Stella Keenan. FID Publication, 663. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 461-67 (includes word, 467).
Coates, Eric James. 1988a. "Preface to 1988 Reissue". In his Subject Catalogues: Headings and Structure, reissued ed. London: Library Association Publishing. Viii-folio preface without pagination.
Coates, Eric James. 1988b. "Ranganathan'south Thought and its Significance for the Mechanisation of Information Storage and Retrieval". In Relevance of Ranganathan's Contributions to Library Science, ed. T.S. Rajagopalan. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 54-73. Reprinted in Herald of Library Science 27, nos. 1/2 (1988): 3-xiv.
Coates, Eric James. 1988c. "The Role of Classification in Information Retrieval: Activity and Thought in the Contribution of Brian Vickery". Periodical of Documentation 44, no. 3: 216-25. Reprinted in Facets of Knowledge Organization: Proceedings of the ISKO U.k. Second Biennial Conference, quaternary - 5th July 2011, London, ed. Alan Gilchrist and Judi Vernau. Bingley: Emerald, 2012, 191-202.
Coates, Eric James. 1990. "Broad Organisation of Ordering". FID News Bulletin 40, no. 9: 112. Report on the fact that FID has recently transferred its copyright of BSO to the members of the BSO Panel and that the revised and enlarged BSO will be available on floppy disc.
Coates, Eric James, John E. Linford, Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd and Sinisa Maricic. 1991a. BSO - Broad System of Ordering, fourth revision. Automobile-readable version. St. Albans, UK: BSO Panel Ltd. Classification scheme. Updated in 1994 and since the summer of 2000 an updated version of the 4th revision has been made available from the website of University College London: http://world wide web.ucl.ac.uk/fatks/bso.
Coates, Eric James. 1991b. "In Memoriam: Geoffrey Arthur Lloyd [Obituary]". FID News Message 41, no. five: 83-84. With a portrait of the deceased. Reprinted without portrait in International Classification 18, no. iii (1991): 166.
Coates, Eric James. 1995a. "BC2 and BSO: Presentation at the Thirty-Sixth Allerton Institute, 1994 Session on Preparing Traditional Classifications for the Future". Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 21, no. 2: 59-67.
Coates, Eric James. 1995b. "Allerton Institute 1994". Bliss Classification Message no. 37: 7-9.
Coates, Eric James. 1995c. Review of: The History of the British National Bibliography, 1950-1973, by Andy Stephens. Boston Spa: British Library National Bibliographic Services, 1994, 159p. Journal of Documentation 51, no. ane: 62-64.
Coates, Eric James. 1997a. "1957-1997 Plus Ça Change... What Has Happened to Classification since the Dorking Conference?" In From Classification to "Noesis Organization": Dorking Revisited or "Past is Prelude", ed. Alan Gilchrist. FID Publication, 714. The Hague: FID, viii.
Coates, Eric James. 1997b. "Subject field Searching of Large Calibration Information Stores Embracing All Fields of Knowledge: Classification and Concept Matching". In Cognition Organization for Information Retrieval: Proceedings of the Sixth International Written report Conference on Classification Research held at University College London, xvi-18 June 1997. FID Publication, 716. The Hague: FID, 17-22.
Coates, Eric James. 1999. "Downsizing the Hunch Element in Subject Indication: My First Coming together with Ranganathan". In Proceedings of the 1998 Conference on the History and Heritage of Scientific discipline Data Systems, ed. Mary Ellen Bowden et al. Medford, NJ: Information Today, 258. With a portrait of the author. Previously available online in Pioneers of Computer science: Scrapbook. http://www.libsci.sc.edu/bob/ISP/scrapbook.htm. At present in Internet Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20070108111705/http://www.libsci.sc.edu:80/bob/isp/coates2.htm
Coates, Eric James. 2005a. "Kenneth Jay [Obituary]". Library + Information Update 4, no. iii: 47.
Coates, Eric James. 2005b. "Eric Finerty [Obituary]". Library + Information Update four, no. 10: 45.
Mills, Jack, Vanda Broughton and Eric Coates. 2012. Elation Bibliographic Classification, second ed. Class C Chemistry. London: De Gruyter Saur. Nomenclature scheme.
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References (excluding Coates' works)
BNB. 1963. Supplementary Nomenclature Schedules: Prepared to Augment the Dewey Decimal Classification for Use in the British National Bibliography and First Introduced in January 1960. London: Council of the British National Bibliography.
CRG 1955. "The need for a faceted classification as the basis of all methods of information retrieval". Library Association Record 57, no.7: 1955, 262-68. Reprinted in Proceedings of the International Study Conference on Classification for Information Retrieval held at Beatrice Webb House, Dorking, England, 13th-17th May 1957. London: Aslib and New York: Pergamon, 1957, 137-47. Reprinted further in From classification to "Knowledge organization": Dorking revisited or "Past is prelude", ed. Alan Gilchrist. FID Publication, 714. The Hague, FID, 1997, 1-nine.
Foskett, Douglas John. 1979. "Tribute to Bernard Palmer". Library Association Record 81, no. v: 258-59.
Kawamura, Keiichi, comp. 2011. BSO - Broad Arrangement of Ordering: an International Bibliography. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Campus Repository. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/129413.
Kawamura, Keiichi, comp. 2015. Bibliography of the British Engineering science Alphabetize. Tokyo: Jusonbo.
Kawamura, Keiichi. 2018a. "In Memoriam: Eric Coates, 1916-2017". Knowledge Arrangement 45, no. 2: 97-102. DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2018-two-97.
Kawamura, Keiichi, comp. 2018b. "Bibliography of Published Works past Eric James Coates". Cognition Organization 45, no. 2: 103-7.DOI: 10.5771/0943-7444-2018-2-103.
McIlwaine, Ia Cecilia and Vanda Broughton. 2000. "The Classification Inquiry Group - Then and At present". Knowledge Organisation 27, no. iv: 195-99.
Mills, Jack. 2004. "Faceted Classification and Logical Division in Information Retrieval". Library Trends 52, no. 3: 541-lxx.
Ranganathan, South.R. 1957. "Library classification as a discipline". In Proceedings of the International Study Conference on Classification for Information Retrieval held at Beatrice Webb House, Dorking, England, 13th-17th May 1957. London: Aslib and New York: Pergamon, 1957, 3-12.
UCL/SLAIS. 2000. BSO - Broad System of Ordering: a General, Faceted Nomenclature Scheme for Data Exchange and Switching. http://www.ucl.ac.u.k./fatks/bso.
Vickery, Brian. 2004. A Long Search for Information. Champaign, IL: Graduate School of Library and Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Wells, Arthur James. 1957. "British National Bibliography". Annals of Library Scientific discipline four, no. 3: 73-89.
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Music Libraries and Instruments : Papers Read at the Joint Congress, Cambridge, 1959 Galpin Society
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